In 2023, breakthroughs have been made in the application of sodium batteries, which can be called the first year of sodium battery application. Recently, Wang Kang, Assistant Dean of Penghui Energy Storage and Power Battery Research Institute, stated in an interview with Securities Daily.
Several industry insiders and experts told Securities Daily that in the future, lithium batteries, sodium batteries, and lead-acid batteries will each have their own advantages, and the changes in their respective positions will depend on technological development and changes in market demand.
Accelerated industrialization development
Since this year, the industrialization of sodium and electricity has accelerated. From the perspective of the planning of enterprises, CATL, Zhongke Haina, Chuanyi Technology, Penghui Energy, Funeng Technology, etc. have all announced that they will enter the industrialization stage in 2023.
Recently, the standard working group of lithium ion batteries and similar products of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance organized the first batch of national Sodium-ion battery product evaluation activities, received nearly 20 enterprises' sodium battery product samples for evaluation, and finally 17 enterprises' products passed the evaluation.
At the second Sodium-ion battery industry chain and standard development forum held a few days ago, a participant told the Securities Daily reporter that "because the market still has disputes on Sodium-ion battery safety and performance indicators, these two indicators are also the core content of Sodium-ion battery standards."
The person further analyzed and said, "Because of the differences in Technology roadmap and application scenarios, people's understanding of the performance of sodium battery products is somewhat different; at the same time, the technology of sodium battery is developing rapidly, and people's understanding of sodium battery is also improving."
It is widely believed in the industry that the main factor affecting the industrialization of sodium batteries is the divergence in the route of positive electrode materials. At present, there are three types of cathode materials available for sodium batteries, namely layered oxides, polyanions and Prussian blue materials.
According to Wang Kang, due to the advantages of high energy density and low cost, the industrialization of layered oxide based Technology roadmap is currently the fastest, followed by polyanions that focus on cycle life, and finally Prussian blue materials.
In Wang Kang's view, the layered oxide route is expected to be the first to achieve mass production and is expected to dominate the market in the next year or two. But in the long run, the polyanion route, due to its safety and cycling advantages, will be more suitable for large-scale energy storage or industrial and commercial energy storage, with significant advantages.
Gradually diversified application scenarios
The application scenarios of Sodium-ion battery are also constantly enriched.
Wang Kechen, deputy general manager of Shanxi Huayang Group New Energy Co., Ltd. and chairman of Shanxi Huana Core Energy Technology Co., Ltd., said in an interview with the Securities Daily that at present, Huayang Group is actively exploring four application scenarios of Sodium-ion battery. First, promote the implementation of large-scale energy storage demonstration projects of Sodium-ion battery, use the power transmission lines and site layout of Huayang Group's power plants to build Sodium-ion battery plus Flywheel energy storage An independent shared energy storage power station with a construction scale of 100 megawatt hours and 200 megawatt hours is expected to be put into operation in the first half of next year; The second is to promote the implementation of the Sodium-ion battery coal mine emergency power supply demonstration project. In the early stage, Sodium-ion battery energy storage system will be first applied in the five coal mines under construction of Huayang Group; Third, promote the implementation of Sodium-ion battery underground trackless rubber tyred vehicle demonstration project; The fourth is to promote the implementation of sodium ion electric two wheeled vehicle demonstration projects.
A0 class and A00 class electric vehicles are also considered as another important field for the application of Sodium-ion battery. Kang Libin, Market Director of Zhongke Haina, said in an interview with Securities Daily: "Since the beginning of this year, there have been many companies that have laid out the sodium electricity industry, and one of the main driving factors is the increasing actual demand for sodium electricity in the market
"Last year, the application of Sodium-ion battery in the field of passenger vehicles was mentioned less, but this year many car enterprises began to be interested in Sodium-ion battery." Kang Libin believes that "the key reason is that the technology of Sodium-ion battery is constantly improving, and the car enterprises see the prospect of the application of sodium ion in the field of passenger vehicles."
It is reported that BYD Sodium-ion battery will be mass produced in the second half of this year, and the new car will take the lead in adopting the solution of mixing sodium ion and lithium iron batteries.
At present, various companies are still running actual data on the entire vehicle, and it takes a long period from laboratory testing to vehicle condition testing, "said Kang Libin.
According to Kang Libin, since this year, the Sodium-ion battery of Zhongke Haina has achieved continuous and stable production, and has begun to send samples to downstream customers for evaluation. Some customers have entered small batch and batch applications.
In the field of two wheeled vehicles, staff from Yadi Huayu told Securities Daily: "Electric vehicles equipped with Yadi Huayu sodium batteries are expected to be the first to be listed and sold in pilot cities such as Hangzhou and Wuxi in the second half of the year
In addition, in the field of energy storage, on July 14th, Guangzhou Penghui Energy Technology Co., Ltd. and Qingdao Bei'an Holding Group signed a cooperation agreement for the 5MW/10MWh sodium ion energy storage power station demonstration project, achieving the large-scale application of sodium ion batteries in northern energy storage power stations for the first time.
"With the development of sodium electricity technology, its own advantages such as low temperature performance, safety performance and multiplying power performance are gradually recognized. Sodium electricity is expanding its application space in large energy storage, base station energy storage, low-speed vehicles, two wheeled vehicles and other fields. In addition, compared with lead-acid batteries, Sodium-ion battery have significant advantages in energy density and full life cycle cost, and the gradual implementation of Sodium-ion battery industry will accelerate lead-acid batteries Exit Peng Hui Energy President Zhen Shaoqiang said in an interview with Securities Daily reporters.
The comprehensive cost advantage still needs to be fully utilized
Many insiders and industry experts interviewed by Securities Daily believe that Sodium-ion battery is still in the initial stage of the industry, and its Technology roadmap and market positioning are not clear.
In the opinion of Yu Zhenhua, the executive vice chairman of Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance and the vice chairman and secretary-general of the Energy Storage Special Committee of China Energy Research Association, although Sodium-ion battery in China have achieved a certain leading position at present, Sodium-ion battery are still in the initial stage of industrialization, the production scale has not been spread, and its comprehensive cost advantage has not been brought into play.
"The main advantage of Sodium-ion battery is that it is rich in raw material resources and low in cost, so there is no need to worry about the shortage of resources. The disadvantage is that there is no mass production, and it needs to continue exploration, experiment and verification." Zhang Xiang, president of the New Energy Automotive Technology Research Institute of Jiangxi New Energy Technology Vocational College and visiting professor of Huanghe Science and Technology College, said in an interview with Securities Daily.
Deputy Secretary General of Zhongguancun IoT Industry Alliance Yuan Shuai, Deputy Director of the High Quality Development Promotion Project for Specialized, Refined, and New Enterprises, told a reporter from Securities Daily: "In the future market, the roles of lithium battery, sodium battery and lead-acid battery will be different. Lithium battery is currently the mainstream energy storage technology, which is widely used and mature. Sodium-ion battery may replace lithium battery in some fields, but technical problems need to be overcome. Lead acid battery may still have a certain market share in some specific application fields, but with the progress of technology, its market share may gradually decrease. The relationship between the three The system will depend on technological development and changes in market demand
Although Sodium-ion battery is still in the initial stage of industrialization, relevant favorable policies continue. Tai Feng, director of CAAC Dangerous Goods Transportation Management Center, said that the relevant regulations on Sodium-ion battery of organic electrolytes had been formally incorporated into the United Nations regulations and standards in 2023, and it was not excluded that the transportation requirements for Sodium-ion battery would officially appear in the international air transport regulations on January 1, 2025.
Yu Zhenhua said that the energy planning documents in Guangxi, Shenzhen, Shanxi, Henan and other places mentioned the need to carry out the application demonstration of Sodium-ion battery in the energy storage field. In the future, sodium power is expected to be the first to penetrate into small and medium-sized energy storage fields such as user side energy storage, data center and base station energy storage.
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